Town and seaside resort at the mouth of the Swakop River. It developed from a military base established in 1893. It was developed as a seaport and proclaimed a town in 1909. The name is said to be derived from Khoikhoi tsoa, ‘posterior’, xoub, ‘excrement’, referring to mud and debris along the river in times of flood. The Herero name is Otjozondjii, meaning ‘place of sea-shells.